And welding by electricity



(-No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sl1eet I, H. HOWARD.

HEATING AND WELDING BY ELEGTRIGITY.

Patented Apr. 19, 1892.

2 SBAM mm'nm moTo-umo.,wAsmNamn 0 c 2 Sheets-Sheet 2" LEGTRIGITY.Patented Apr. 19,1892.

, i Mi W H.- HOWARD, HEATING AND WELDING BY E No Model.)

UNITED STAT S PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY HOWARD, OF HALESOlVEN, NEAR BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND.

HEATING AND WELDING BY ELECTRICITY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 473,003, dated April19, 1892. Application filed October 21, 1891. Serial No. 409,433. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY HOWARD, manufacturer, a subject of the Queenof Great Britain, and a resident of Ooombs WVood Tube Works, Halesowen,near Birmingham, England, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Apparatus for Heating and Welding by Electricity, ofwhich the following is a specification. v c

This invention relates to heating and welding by the electric arc, Wherethe work forms one pole and a pencil the other pole. I interpose in thecircuit and in proximity tothe work a block of carbon or othercomparatively bad conductor of electricity, which by reason of itsgreater resistance becomes heated, and thus heats the Work by radiation.The positive pole of the battery or other source of electricity isconnected to this block of carbon, which may rest upon or be partiallysurrounded by asbestus or similar insulating refractory material, andthe current is led from thence by a conductor to the work or to thesupport on which the work rests, while the negative pole is connected toa pencil of carbon situated on the other side of the work, an electricare being formed between the pencil and the work, so that the work isheated on one side by the'arc and on the other byradiation fromtheheated block. f

Figure 1 is a plan, and Fig. 2 a side elevation, of the apparatus; andFigs. 3 and 4 are sections on the lines X X and Y Y, Figs. 1 and 2,respectively. i

A isth'e conductor from the positive pole of the battery or other sourceof electricity, the end of which is connected to the metal clip A,resting on the insulating-block A The other end of this clip isfurnished with jaws, in which a rod B of carbon is held, the jaws beingtightened on the carbon by the screw A The other end of the carbon rod Bis held in a similar clip 0 at the end of the metal bar 0. i

D' is a conductor connecting the barC to the work D or to the support E,on which the work rests.

should be placed as near as is practicable to the work but care must betaken that the current is not short-circuited by forming an are betweenthe rod B and the work.

The length and sectional area of the rod B must be properly proportionedto the current being employed. If too large, the rod will not becomeproperly heated, while it too small 1t will become overheated anddestroyed. A suitable current for a rod fifteen millimeters in diameterand two hundred millimeters long would be about seventy volts and threehundred amperes. Y

The negative pole of the battery or other source of electricity isconnected by the con ductor G to the carbon pencil 11, which is held ina support, as shown, by which it may be moved over the work.

\Vhat I'claim is 1. An apparatus for heating or weldingby theelectric'arc, in which the work forms one pole, comprising a pencilforming the other pole, a generator of electricity, circuit connectionsbetween the pencil and the generator and between the generator and thework, and a resistance so proportioned in size to the current as to beheated without being consumed interposed in the circuit and arranged inprox imity to the work to heat it by radiation.

2. An apparatus for heating or welding by the electric arc, inwhich thework forms one pole, comprising a pencil forming the other pole, agenerator of electricity, circuit connections between the pencil and thegenerator and between the generator and the work, and aresistance soproportioned in size to the current as to be heated without beingconsumed interposed in the circuit between the generator and thework toheat the work by radiation while being also heated by the electric arc.

3. An apparatus for heating or welding by the electric arc, in which thework forms one pole, comprising a pencil forming the other pole, agenerator of electricity, circuit connections between the pencil and thegenerator and between the generator and the work, and a resistanceinterposed in the circuit and arranged in proximity to the work, but ata suitable distance therefrom to avoid short-circuiting, and adapted toheat the work by radiation while being heated by the electric arc, andmeans for moving the pencil over the work.

4. An apparatus for heating or welding by the electric arc, in which theWork forms one pole, comprising a pencil forming the other pole, aconductor connecting the pencil With a source of electricity, aresistance so proportioned in size to the current as'to be heatedwithout being consumed and arranged at a suitable distance from the Workto avoid shortcircuiting, arranged to heat that side of the Workopposite the side on which the arc is formed, a conductor connecting theresistance with the source of electricity, and a conductor or conductorsconnecting the resistance With the Work. 7 I

5. In apparatus for heating and Welding by the electric are, Where theWork forms one pole and a pencil the other pole, the combination of aconductor leading from the positlve pole of the source of electricity, anietalclip cona pencil connected by a conductor to the negative pole of.the source of electricity.

HENRY HOWARD.

